1 Although most of these drugs have efficacious or even life-saving properties, a significant portion has adverse chemosensory side effects. In the United States, for example, over 1300 new drugs were approved between 19 by the United States Food and Drug Administration. In the last 75 years there have been fundamental advancements in the treatment of disease as thousands of new drugs were introduced by the pharmaceutical industry. However, there are a few treatment options to ameliorate chemosensory alterations including addition of simulated flavors to food to compensate for losses and to override offending tastes and smells. There are no standard treatments for drug-induced chemosensory disorders because each drug has unique biological effects. Studies of chemosensory perception in medicated older individuals have found that taste and smell loss is greatest for those consuming the largest number of prescription drugs. However, most chemosensory side effects of drugs are due to alterations in the transduction pathways, biochemical targets, enzymes, and transporters by the offending medications. Some chemosensory complaints are due to the sensory properties of the drug itself such as aversive bitter and metallic tastes. Hundreds of drugs have been reported to induce unpleasant tastes and/or odors as well as altered chemosensations when administered alone or in combination with other medications. Medications frequently have chemosensory side effects that can adversely affect compliance with medical treatment regimens.
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